High Museum and History Center

The High Museum of Atlanta began in 1926 when Mrs. Hattie High, widow of a wealthy businessman, donated her large house and property on Peachtree Street to be an art museum.

In 1962, a tour of 120 leading citizens of Atlanta took an art tour of Europe for a month.

When their Air France plane took off from Orly, it crashed killing every person on board.

Atlantans became even more generous in supporting a new museum in their honor.

In 1983 American architect Richard Meier designed this building for the museum; and in

2005, Renzo Piano designed three additional buildings for added space.

The museum is part of an arts complex, the Woodruff Center for the Arts.  Across the plaza is

Atlanta Symphony Hall, and next to that is the Alliance Theater.  In the courtyard at the

entrance are four playful sculptures by Spanish artist Jaime Hayon, entitled "Tiovivo," the Italian word for carousel.  Children are welcome to play in the fantasy figures.

This is the Alliance Theater and to the left is Symphony Hall.  There are also

restaurants on the plaza and garages underground.

On the grounds of the museum are several sculptures, including "The House" by Roy Lichtenstein.

It is painted on an aluminum panel and looks flat from a distance.  The center is actually bent back

a little, so as you walk by, an optical illusion makes the house seem to expand and move with you.

On the deck of the museum is this Pop Art sculpture by Claes Oldenbourg and Coosje 

van Bruggen, his wife.  It is entitled "Balzac Petanque."  These are giant sized peaches

and pears of plastic and epoxy, the peaches in honor of Georgia and the pears a memory

of the Anjou region in France where Oldenbourg lived half of each year.  The luscious

fruit is set out for a picnic on a warm summer day in France or Atlanta.

There is a great atrium, five stories high, in the center of the Richard Meier Bldg.

A sloping ramp allows you to walk all the way up gradually.  One day while I was

there, there was a concert of Renaissance music by the Master Chorale of Atlanta.

The acoustics were superb and the chorale was wonderful.

The skylight above the atrium.  Meier said he wanted light to fill the interior of the

building as the art would fill the inside of your soul.

The High Museum is the largest museum in the Southeast U.S.  Its

collection ir rich and wonderful, with Old Masters as well as the best and

most interesting of contemporary arts.  "Madonna and Child" 1506 is by

Giovanni Bellini, a Venetian Renaissance master.

"Holy Family Surrounded by Roses" is by Jan Breughel, a Flemish

painter of the 16th century. He is commonly known as "Flower Breughel" because
of all the detailed pictures of flowers which he painted.   I took all of these pictures
with a hand-held camera and no artificial lighting.  I am pleased with the results.

Auguste Rodin, "Eternal Springtime" 1903 in bronze.

"Staffordshire Teapot."  The museum has a very fine collection of English ceramics
 from the 17th - 19th centuries.

American Art.  The high chest on the left was made by an anonymous maker in Boston

 between 1700-1720.  The high chest on the right was made 1760-1780.  The painting

is "Portrait of David Baldwin" 1790 by Ralph Earl.

Hiram Powers, "Proserpine."   1854.  The statue was so popular that Powers made more

than 130 copies of the work.  He was part of a colony of expatriate American
sculptors in Rome who used Italian craftsmen and Italian marble in their work.
He lived and worked in Rome and Florence from 1837 until his death in 1873.

John Rogers, "Coming to the Parson," 1870.  This statue is made of plaster-of-Paris and

not very expensive.  Rogers created the molds for many of these statues and sold them

in great number; they were extremely popular as genre scenes at the end of the century.

​Edward C. Moore (American, 1827–1891), designer, John C. Moore and Son Co.
 (New York, 1848–1868), maker, Tiffany & Co. (New York, New York,
 established 1837), retailer, Tea and Coffee Set, 1854, silver and ivory. 

Henry Inman, "Portraits of American Indians."   Congress commissioned Inman to make
one hundred portraits of various Indian tribes.  Inman made copies of many of the
original oils of Charles Bird King.  The originals were destroyed in a fire in the
Smithsonian Museum.

The museum has galleries filled with natural light and open flowing space.  This area is

for American modernism with William Zorach's "Floating Figure" 1922 in the foreground.

The beginning of the 20th Century saw many changes in art as some artists began 

to use abstraction.  The galleries above contain these works, both abstract and realist.

from the beginning of the century.

The museum is excellent, I believe, in its displays of paintings along with furniture,

ceramics, glassware, and textiles.  These pieces are from early 20th century.

The chair on the left is by Frank Lloyd Wright and the chair on the right is from

Gebruder Thonet in Austria.

"Stained Glass Window" by John LaFarge in 1903.  This is a large piece of

architectural glass, meant to be part of the architecture of a house.  The pieces of 

glass are not flat, rolled, pane glass, but handmade stained glass from a bubble

with varying thickness.  Note the differences in color especially at the bottom.

"The George Washington Bridge and Harlem River" in Manhattan by Ernest Lawson,
a Canadian-American painter.  Although he was often linked with the Ashcan School,
his works are usually closer to Impressionism in their style.

George Bellows, "Portrait of Anne."  1915  His rough, direct style earned
the nickname of "The Ashcan School of Art."  He was one of the leading members.

Reed Settee.  Michael Thonet (Austrian, born Germany, 1796–1871), designer,
 Gebrüder Thonet (Austrian, 1853 – 1921), manufacturer, 
Settee Model Number 16, ca. 1862, beech and cane.

This settee, with its original caning and geometric form, is an early example
 by Michael Thonet. By the 1850s, Thonet had perfected his innovative use 
of beech rods in his bentwood furniture; first soaked in hot water, the rods were 
then placed in iron molds and allowed to dry. The furniture was often shipped
 to the purchaser unassembled, keeping costs low. This new way to quickly
 and affordably mass-produce objects evolved into a thriving company 
with Thonet’s five sons, Gebrüder Thonet. The company designed hundreds 
of objects with delicate, lightweight appearances.

Burgoyne Diller, "Abtraction," 1924 shows the interest in Dutch painter Mondrian

and the new field of abstraction, instead of pictures of a cow in a landscape.
Diller entitled most of his work "Theme 1" or "Theme 2" or "Theme 3"
wanting to avoid any reference to the natural world.  His color palette was
restricted to the primaries and neutrals.

George K. Morris entitled this work "Concretian," as he created and put-together 

a composition without reference to objects in the real world.

A very different madonna is "La Purissima" by the Italian/American painter

Joseph Stella from 1927.  He did a whole series of madonna paintings with

highly stylized flower decorations.

But not every artist was a "realist" or "abstract" artist.  Many people with no formal
training used art to express themselves in a variety of ways in styles called folk art
or primitive.  The High Museum is famous for its collection of folk and primitive art.

They have the only full-time curator of folk art in the world.  This painting is
"Yard Sale" by Mattie Lou O'Kelley of Georgia, who began painting at the age of 60
and continued until her death 29 years later.  She is one of the foremost folk artists of
the 20th century with works in the Smithsonian, Chicago Art Institute, and other
major museums.

Howard Finster was a Baptist preacher who felt a calling from God to create art,

even though he had no formal training.  For over 40 years he created thousands

of pieces of artwork.  The piece above is entitled "The Angel of the Lord" and

was part of a huge installation on his farm entitled "Paradise Garden."

Two examples of "Jonah and the Whale," a very popular subject for folk artists.

The lower example is fairly straight forward, but the upper piece is entitled "The Tax

Collector and the Whale."  Both are carved in wood, a common technique for folk artists.

The artist was afriad the tax collector was coming for him, and consigned him to

the deep in the belly of a whale, at least artistically.
Top:  William (W.C.) Owens (1908–2006), "IRS Agent Swallowed By Whale,"
1980s, wood, paint, and plastic. 

Bottom: Sulton Rogers  (1922-2003) "Jonah in the Whale," 1980s, wood and paint.

Deborah Butterfield created "Horse" out of hammered steel and barbed wire.
Butterfield has used the image of the horse, in both painting and sculpture, for many years.

Vase of fused glass.  Hundreds of rods of glass of different colors were fused in an oven

to create this vase.  Glass had become simply a functional medium until Harvey Littleton
at the U. Wisconsin - Madison in the 1950s began the modern art glass movement.
Today, glass is one of the most exciting art media, seemingly without limits or
boundaries.  The High Museum has a good collection of glass from the
18th to 21st centuries.  Toots Zynsky (American, b. 1951), designer and maker,
 Pina, 2012, fused and thermo-formed glass threads, created this vase.

By the mid 20th century, Abstract Expressionism was the dominant style of art

in the U.S.  It had several stages, one of which was "Color Field."   "Para" 1963 

by Morris Louis introduced a whole new way of painting - by pouring pigment

onto a canvas and soaking the material.  Louis was a Washington, D.C. painter along

with Kenneth Noland.  They were following the lead of Helen Frankenthaler, who had

invented the technique.  Large areas of pure color create the painting.

But some artists resisted the tendency to abstraction.  Richard Estes was a leader of
the Photo-Realist School.  His oil painting of "Supreme Hardware" seems more real than
a photograph.  Letters and reflections on shiny surfaces make up most of the composition.

Jean-Michel Basquiat, "Liver Spleen."  Basquiat was from a middle class family in New York

and had no formal art training.  He began by spraying graffiti art on walls in New York

and gradually began to work on paper and canvas.  He became a close friend of Andy Warhol.

His works are dense and powerful.  As a child, he contracted a disease and lost his spleen.

The Greeks believed the liver and spleen were the source of power and anger.  This style
is usually described as "Graffiti Art."  The High Museum has a number of Basquiat's works.

The added gallery space designed by Renzo Piano created very large rooms with diffused

natural light; they are superb for large contemporary paintings and sculpture.  It is a

beautiful and wonderful museum.  The silver mirror piece on the left is by Anish Kapoor,

who created the "Donut" ( or "Cloud Gate") for Millenium Park in Chicago

There was a fascinating special exhibit of the works of Brazilian-American artist, Vik Muniz.

He is particularly interested in the interaction of image and reality.  You can easily recognize

the images of a horse, a young soldier in the Civil War, and an Indian.  Perhaps they are enlarged

old black and white photos.  The works are large, five feet high, and from ten feet away, we

can recognize the images immediately.  But if we walk closer, things change.

This is the actual composition of the young soldier - hundreds of tiny plastic soldiers which are

then photographed from 10 or 20 feet away.  The image of the boy soldier is no longer visible.
Muniz was fascinated by the young boy-soldier who died, and he decided to 
commemorate him with toy soldiers, which is what he was.

Another special exhibit at the museum was the photographs of Walker Evans.
Walker Evans (1903-1975) was an American photographer and photojournalist 
best known for his work for the Farm Security Administration (FSA)
 documenting the effects of the Great Depression.  He said that his goal 
as a photographer was to make pictures that are literate, authoritative,
 transcendent."  This famous photo is "Sharecroppers Wife."

Walker Evans.  "Cherokee Parts Store."  He also did many photos of American life in

different parts of the country.

The Atlanta History Center is located on the north side of the city and consists of a main

building with exhibits and then 38 acres of woods and other buildings.  One of them is

Swan House, the home of a wealthy Atlanta business man.

This is the North Facade of Swan House, looking out over the fountains and lawns.

This is the South Facade and main entrance, along with one of the owner's cars.

A vintage automobile.

The main entry hall of Swan House.

The dining room of Swan House.  The dresses are from the wardrobe of the lady

of the house and there are samples from every decade from 1920-1980.

All the buildings from a typical Georgia farm of 1854 were moved here.  This young lady/actress

explained what her life was life in 1854 and what went on in each of the rooms of the house.

They also moved an actual slave cabin from the 1850s onto the History Center grounds.

This White farmer had 19 slaves before the Civil War.

The inside of the slave cabin.  The only furniture they had was the table and chairs;

they slept on the floor.

And so your tour of the High Museum and Atlanta History Center concludes.
I recommend both very highly.

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Chihuly in Atlanta II

The centerpiece of the Chihuly Exhibit is this piece, "El Sol Citron / The Yellow Sun."

It stands on a small hill and is visible from three directions.  Other variations on this

theme have been in other shows - sometimes with some red and orange elements,

other times with a more intense yellow or with more white.

But it is always a show-stopper and very dramatic.

"El Sol Citron" in its brilliant splendor in full sunlight.  It is made up of

hundreds of pieces of blown glass supported by a steel armature with many brackets.

If you come up close, you can see the intricacy of one of Chihuly's pieces

and how all the elements must work together.

The center of "El Sol Citron" has some green hornets in it and some gold pieces as well.

From our previous vantage point, if we turn to the left, we can see the wonderful

Levy Plaza and Fountain between the Administrative Center and the Restaurant.

The Garden has doubled in size since 2004, when the first Chihuly Exhibition was held here.

This is part of the older garden, and the Chihuly fountain was given after that exhibit.

These are formal gardens with white crepe myrtle trees, red impatiens, and chartreuse coleus.

Levy Plaza and Fountain with formal gardens and One Atlantic Building in background.

It is one of the tallest buildings in Atlanta and the Southeast U.S.

Levy Plaza Fountain by Dale Chihuly.

Levy Plaza Fountain with white Crepe Myrtle trees.

One last look at Levy Plaza; from here we head through the trees in the distance.

"Sapphire Star" is another of the show-stoppers.  It works wonderfully here in the fountain.

Children were allowed to splash around in the water and everyone took pictures.

A close-up of the "Sapphire Star" with its hundreds of icicles.

Detail of the "Sapphire Star."

Between the "Sapphire Star" and the Conservatory is a large, oval lawn ringed with beds

of formal gardens.  This was the heart of the old Botanic Gardens.  These "Carmel and Red

Herons" joined the gardens for the show.

A second flock of "Carmel and Red Herons."

In the formal flower beds were many varieties of lilies.  These are "Princess Crinum Lilies."

Beautiful peach-colored "Fulva Lilies," blooming profusely.

In front of the conservatory was a pond with water lilies and lotus, like this one.

Beautiful plum colored and purple hydrangeas.

The Great Lawn with the Fuqua Conservatory, one of the best I have ever seen.

Right away you are greeted with Chihuly's "Black and Green Striped Herons

with Icicle Clusters."  This is at the entrance to the Orchid House, which is the best 

I have ever seen, not merely hundreds of orchid plants attached to walls, but plants

 integrated into the whole eco-system of the conservatory.  The brilliant color of the glass

mirrored the brilliant colors of the tropical flowers.

"Black and Green Striped Herons with Icicle Clusters" from the side.

Two White Orchids

A cluster of purple orchids.

A bunch of Phalaenopsis Orchids.

In the Conservatory were a number of "Ikebana" by Chihuly; the word is the Japanese

name for the art of flower arranging.  Each of these large glass pieces consists of a

vase like form supporting several exotic glass flowers.  They fit into the tropical vegetation 

of the conservatory perfectly.

A second "Ikebana."

A third "Ikebana" with two exotic flowers.

This rather strange installation was at the back of the conservatory and entitled

"Sapphire Neon with Neodymium Reeds, Floats, and Logs."

The Moon Gate entrance to the Japanese Garden.

In the Japanese Garden were some lanterns and a stream and two groups of

"Turquoise Marlins and Floats" by Chihuly.

"Turquoise Marlins and Floats" by Chihuly in the Japanese Garden.

To the west of the Conservatory was a large "Edibles Garden," where they had fruits and

vegetables growing and where they had cooking demonstrations using their produce.

Beside it, amongst the trees, were these "Zebra Reeds" in black and white.

A herd of "Zebra Reeds" in the dappled forest.

The "Frog Baby" seems to have been a basic element of the old Gardens.  All the children

knew of it, and their parents reinforced old traditions.  As a matter of fact, there were a

number of bronze statues of children and animals in the gardens.

This area had well established gardens of Cannas and Mallows and many other flowers.

Red and yellow and orange and mixed color Cannas.

These are giant Red Mallow, more than a foot across.  There were a lot of them

behind the "Frog Baby."

There were also giant White Mallows, even larger.  This one must have been 14" across.

This was new to me and interesting, the "Scarlet Rose Mallow" or "Texas Star Hibiscus."

Lady Bird Johnson promoted this in Texas, and many of her friends put it in their gardens.

Look closely at the foliage.  Several of Lady Bird's friends were busted by the cops for

raising marijuana until Lady Bird came and explained - the foliage is similar, but

they are not relatives nor hallucinogenic.  They are also quite big; these are about

12" in diameter.

The "Shaggy Dog" in mosaiculture I'm sure was brought from Montreal and the great

International Mosaiculture Exhibit, but no one would confirm it for me.  It is made
 of 2600 little plants of carex comens, a decorative grass from New Zealand.

"Fire Amber Herons" were clustered in a secluded pool near the "Frog Baby."

The formal flower beds at Atlanta were always filled with brilliant color, esp. red.

That brings us to the end of the tour of the Chihuly Exhibition

in the Atlanta Botanic Gardens, Georgia.

I hope you have enjoyed the stroll through these special gardens.

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